Green apple aphid (Aphis pomi) – pest management
The green apple aphid, Aphis pomi, can be found in all regions, from the steppe area to the mountainous regions.
Description. The aptery specimens have a pear-shaped body, 1.5-2 mm long, green or green-yellow, with a yellow or blackhead. The winged forms have a 2-2.5 mm long body with a blackhead, black antennae and thorax, and a green abdomen. The young larvae have a flattened dorsoventral body, yellow in color, while the second stage larvae have the abdominal extremity covered with a filamentous waxy secretion. The egg is elliptical, green when laid, then becomes shiny black.
Biology and ecology. The green apple aphid overwinters in the egg stage on relatively thin shoots. The larvae that appear in spring migrate on the underside of the leaves and on the new shoots, transforming into female fundatrix, which by parthenogenetic multiplication give birth to 25-40 larvae. From these larvae develop the sexed forms, which after copulation, lay the eggs that overwinter.
Damage. Adults and larvae of this species attack the apple trees. The aphids colonize at first the flowering and vegetative buds, then the young leaves and fruits. As a consequence of their stings, the shoots no longer develop normally, they twist and the young leaves become deformed, remain small, with a chlorotic appearance. The flower buds fall prematurely, dry out, and their stems do not develop. For a long time, they remain on the branches, in a hanging position. The attacked organs will be covered with their sweet secretions, “honeydew”, on which Capnodium fungi usually grow. Because of this, on different attacked organs, a black coating (sooty mold) is developed, which diminishes photosynthesis.
Pest management. It is recommended to carry out the treatments during the dormancy period, with horticultural oil.
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During the growing season, in order to control the apple aphid, treatments with specific insecticides should be applied.
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