Pineapple, plant care and growing guide
The pineapple is a genus of plants in the Bromeliaceae family, native to Central and South America, which includes both cultivated and decorative species. The leaves are arranged in a rosette, and are long, lanceolate, with thorny edges. They can reach a length of 1 meter. The inflorescence appears in the center of the rosette, it has reddish bracts, at the level of which there are small flowers. Later, it turns into an edible fruit in the shape of a cone.
Species and varieties
Pineapple comosus or the common pineapple has red flowers and large, tasty fruit.
Pineapple bracteatus is grown as a decorative plant due to its red fruit. In temperate continental transitioning into an oceanic climate, it can be grown only indoors.
Environmental conditions
Light. It is a light-loving plant, so it can be placed in direct sunlight even in summer. For healthy development, it needs at least 6 hours of sunshine per day.
Temperature. The optimum growth temperature for the plant is in the range of 20-28° C. In winter, the room temperature should not be lower than 16° C. During the summer, the pot can be taken outside, but, with the arrival of autumn, it must be moved indoors.
Humidity. It has no major demands for atmospheric humidity, being resistant to the dry air in apartments.
Substrate. The substrate must allow good drainage of water, and it can be made of compost, peat, and sand, in equal parts.
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Watering
During the flowering and fruiting period, it is recommended that the watering be done weekly so that the soil remains moist, not wet. During the dormancy period, the amount of water administered and the frequency of watering should be reduced so that the soil has time to dry between you water again.
Fertilization
It should be done during the growth season (April-September).
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Repotting
It is necessary only for young plants, which have not yet produced flowers. The ideal time for repotting is in the spring.
Propagation
Pineapple can be propagated vegetatively by the division of the basal shoots. You should detach them from the mother plant when they are at least 20 cm long. Another method of propagation is by cuttings, by detaching the rosette of leaves from the top of the fruit. For rooting, the cuttings require a substrate made of peat and sand and a temperature of 25° C.
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Diseases and pests
Diseases that can affect pineapple plants are fusarium wilt and Phytophthora cactorum. Especially in winter, mealybugs or mites can infest the plant.
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In addition:
– the pineapple plant can easily withstand the lack of water for a long period, so it is recommended to be watered only a little;
– fungal diseases can occur due to excessive watering, poor drainage of the substrate, or water stagnation at the base of the plant;
– drying of the leaves at the base of the plant is a normal process, with the growth of new leaves on top. Thus, it is recommended to prune them.