Wheat stem sawfly (Cephus pygmaeus) – pest management
The European wheat stem sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus, is a pest widespread in Europe, North America, and Asia.
Description. The adult has a slender, elongated body, 8-10 mm long, while the female is larger. The body color is predominantly black, with obvious gloss. Sexual dimorphism is obvious. The male generally has a black body, with yellow stripes on the abdomen. The yellow color is less obvious in females. The egg is white, 0.9-1.2 mm, and the larva is white, 20 mm long, without any legs, slightly curved, S-shaped.
Biology and ecology. Wheat stem sawfly produces one generation per year. It overwinters as a fully developed larva, inside the wheat straw, in a cocoon made in the stem, above the first node. During the spring it turns into a stern. Then, in April-May, at a depth of 10 cm, they become adults (the first time adults appear). After copulation, the eggs are laid by the females, one egg in each plant and one female lays about 50 eggs. Embryo development lasts 7-10 days, depending on temperature. The larvae feed on the inner wall of the straw. They gradually descend to the base of the plant and perforate the nodes encountered.
Affected plants and damages. The wheat stem sawfly larvae attack especially the autumn wheat, less often the spring wheat or other cereal crops. It also attacks cultivated and spontaneous cereal crops, but of particular importance is the attack on wheat, rye, barley, and oats. The spikes no longer grow, turn yellow, and dry out. The attacked stems break from the wind and rain, and the spikes may remain dry or with smaller grains.
Control. Agrotechnical measures, especially those related to tillage, straw harvesting, baling and deep autumn plowing reduce the attack of these pests. Chemical treatments have to be done with specific insecticides.
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