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Tree wounds and frost cracks – How do we treat them?
Wounds and cracks resulting from pruning or the action of extreme environmental factors can be gateways for various pathogens in the plant, favoring the onset of infections. For this reason, in fruit growing, it is important to apply copper-based substances for disinfection and sealing wounds with mastic.
Situations (wounds, cracks) in which it is recommended to use copper-based products and mastic:
- Branch breakage caused by strong wind, frost, fruit weight, etc.
- Wounds resulting from regular tree pruning;
- Bark cracking favored by the action of frost / sun – On frosty and sunny days, the sun warms the trunk of the trees, causing the vessels to dilate, and in a short time, the frost will cause sudden cooling, even freezing of that portion. The alternation of these phenomena leads to the appearance of cracks.
- Large differences in temperature in late winter and early spring, when the trees are at rest, can cause cracks in the bark, a phenomenon favored by a soil that is more difficult to drain water.
Usually, the trees form a protective tissue (callus) in the affected areas, in the next period of growth. However, to prevent infections, the wounds are treated with a copper-based solution and then sealed with mastic.
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For the protection of trees, depending on the situation, in addition to mastic, specific products are used.
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Mastic is a paste for grafting and healing. It is a ready-to-use product that is applied directly to wounds because it does not contain phytotoxic substances. Can be used for all plants (trees, shrubs, ornamentals, etc.). The mastic has the property of forming a protective plastic film, which isolates the wound from the environment.
In the case of grafting, it is very important to spread the mastic well to prevent the graft from dehydrating.
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It is not recommended to apply the mastic in rainy weather, as it can be washed away by precipitation (in this case a reapplication of the product is necessary).
Grafting and pruning tips:
- Used tools must be disinfected. Use suitable and well-sharpened knives.
- The operations are preferably done in the evening, when the sun’s rays are not direct.
- Grafting is preferred in the months with average temperatures.
- Large prunings should be smooth and sloping to allow water to drain from them.
- The grafted areas are shaded with nets or jute materials.
