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Plum seed sawfly (Eurytoma schreineri) – pest management
The plum seed sawfly, Eurytoma schreineri is widespread in plum plantations in Bulgaria, and Syria.
Description. The female has a body that is 4-6 mm long, and black, the head and thorax are covered with sparse, whitish hairs, and the ovipositor is yellow. The male is smaller. The larva doesn’t have any legs, it is white, and when fully developed it has a body length of 5-8 mm. The cephalic capsule is white-yellow with brown mandibles. The egg is oval, milky white, 1.3-1.5 mm long, and has an elongated pedicel.
Biology and ecology. In all areas where it is reported, the plum seed sawfly produces only one generation per year and overwinters as a fully developed larva, in the seeds of infested fruits. In spring, the larvae turn into pupae, a stage that lasts 18-35 days. When the first petals of the plum blossoms begin to fall, the first adults appear, coming out through circular holes, 1-1.6 mm in diameter, gnawed in the seed’s wall. After mating, each female lays up to 130 eggs with the help of the ovipositor. The laying of eggs takes 15-30 days, and in fruit, 1-2 eggs are usually laid. The larvae hatch after a few days, a phenomenon that occurs at the end of May.
Attacked plants and damages. The attack of the plum seed sawfly manifests through the premature fall of the plums, usually starting in the second decade of June. The attacked fruits can be identified even before they fall from the tree. They are purple, have a certain symmetry, and begin to wilt. The attack can be detected by breaking the seeds since the pests’ development from the egg, larva, pupa, and adult takes place inside the fruit’s seed.
Control. Certain measures contribute to the reduction of the biological reserve: tillage between the rows of trees, gathering and destroying the fallen fruit. For chemical control, the use of approved insecticides is recommended.
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