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Plum sawfly (Hoplocampa minuta) – pest management
The plum sawfly, Hoplocampa minuta, is widespread in many countries in Europe, Asia Minor, and the Middle East.
Description. The adult has a 4-5 mm long body, black, and glossy. It has black anthers, and yellow legs and the wings are transparent, with a smoky base and black stigma. The larva is a false caterpillar, and when fully developed it is 6-10 mm long, pale white, with a brown head. The larvae are easily recognized if crushed, by the characteristic smell of benzaldehyde (smell of stinkbug). The pupa is white-yellow, wrapped in a silky cocoon, and impregnated with earth particles.
Biology and ecology. It produces only one generation per year and overwinters in the larval stage in a cocoon at a shallow depth in the soil (2-10 cm), under the crown of trees. In early spring, in March, the larvae turn into pupae, and the adults appear in April, in the lowland areas, and at the end of May, in the hilly areas. 3-4 days after hatching, copulation takes place, and after another 2-3 days, the egg-laying. In a flower, 1-2 eggs are usually laid. Incubation lasts 5-12 days, the larvae hatch in the newly formed fruits and feed on the soft seeds. A single larva can destroy 3-6 fruits.
Attacked plants and damages. The plum sawfly is a monophagous species that attacks only the plum trees. The larvae hatch in the newly formed fruits and gnaw the raw seeds. As the seed hardens, the larvae drill galleries in the pulp of the fruit, galleries that are full of food scraps and excrement. The attacked fruits fall.
Control. It is recommended to perform deep plowing in autumn and spring, which destroys a large part of the cocoons that overwinter in the soil, and to gather and destroy the infested fruit before the larvae emerge. Specific insecticides must be used for chemical control.
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