The lawn is a grassy ground, maintained at a low height by regular mowing. After setting up a lawn, it is necessary to know the essential maintenance techniques, such as irrigation, mowing, fertilization, scarification, aeration, agro-technical raking, filling the gaps, and top dressing.

Lawn irrigation

It has an important role in maintaining the lawn vigorous and in keeping its specific intense green color. Both in dry and wet areas, proper lawn irrigation is required, especially during the warm season or during periods of reduced rainfall.

The most used method is sprinkler irrigation. The sprinklers have the advantage that they can be used on any type of terrain, do not influence nutrient leaching, and do not cause soil erosion over time. The volume of water required may vary over time, depending on environmental conditions and changes in soil characteristics.

After sowing the lawn, during the first weeks, it must be watered frequently, so that the soil remains moist. Then, the frequency of watering is established according to the general condition of the plants. When the lawn begins to wither, change color, and the soil is dry on the surface, irrigation is necessary. Lawns in shady areas must be watered less often than those in sunny areas.

For efficient irrigation, you need to make sure that water penetrates deep into the soil and does not stagnate at the surface. Compacted soils and those with dry plant debris can prevent the soil from soaking the water, so it is recommended to rake periodically and to scarify the lawn.

!Caution! Excessive watering affects the lawn, as abundant water in the soil blocks oxygen from reaching the roots, causing them to rot and diseases to set in. High humidity also influences the development of a root system on the surface, sensitizing the plants.

Lawn mowing

Mowing is an important lawn maintenance work whose main purpose is to maintain the aesthetic appearance of the lawn. At the same time, by mowing, the health of the plants is improved (it promotes air circulation from the soil surface), the density of the grass blades is maintained and weeds will be kept under control.

At 4-7 weeks after sowing the lawn, the first mowing should be performed. At this stage, the plants should have a height of 8-10 cm. Lawnmowers with well-sharpened blades are used to easily cut the blades of grass. Irrigation must be stopped 1-2 days before so that the soil is not wet and can withstand the pressure. The best time to mow the lawn is when the sun is not strong, so as not to damage the plants. After that, the lawn is rolled slightly and then watered.

Usually, the lawn is mowed when it reaches a height of 8-10 cm, removing ⅓ of the leaves. It is recommended to alternate the cutting directions. Mowing should be done at regular intervals of 7-12 days, so as not to disrupt the healthy growth of the lawn and to prevent the growth of weeds. When the lawn is mowed more than a ⅓ of its height, the general appearance and health of the plant are affected. The occurrence of gaps in the lawn can be avoided by following regular mowing intervals. Grass debris leftover from mowing must be collected from the field.

Fertilization

The lawn is a plant that consumes considerable amounts of nutrients from the soil, so it is necessary to apply complex fertilizers. The most recommended are slow-release granular fertilizers, which provide the necessary elements for the lawn for long periods. The required dose of fertilizer differs depending on the type of fertilizer and the time of year.

Thus, in spring, after mowing the lawn 2-3 times, it is recommended to administer a special fertilizer for this season. During the summer, a special fertilizer should be administered for this season, which stimulates the lawn resistance to high temperatures. In addition to fertilizers, you can add a stimulator based on beneficial microorganisms or organic substances, which enriches the soil and improves its structure. In autumn, the lawn must be prepared for winter and a winter or autumn fertilizer should be administered.

The application of granular fertilizers should be done as evenly as possible, after mowing, on dry soil, before irrigation. Increasing the dose of fertilizer can cause lawn burns. Also, large amounts of fertilizer sensitize the lawn, making it less resistant to diseases and especially to overwintering.

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Filling gaps in the lawn

Sometimes, in the lawn can appear portions without vegetation caused by diseases, water stagnation, frosts, or low seed germination. Filling these gaps is considered a lawn maintenance procedure and must be performed periodically. Before reseeding the lawn, weeds grown in those areas must be removed. Sow the seed mixture, preferably similar to the one already used or a special one for regeneration. After that, fertilize and roll the soil, then irrigate well.

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Scarification

Scarification is performed annually, in spring and autumn, with special machines. Its function is to grind the crust from the soil surface, thus improving air circulation at the root level.

Agro-technical raking

Raking is executed in summer, manually, with a special rake or mechanized, with a special device with springs. Gathering plant debris from the soil through raking favors the penetration of air and water into the soil, at the roots, and stimulates the plant’s growth and tillering. Also, this lawn maintenance work removes organic matter which is a favorable environment for disease development. However, this procedure should not be performed very often, as it is advisable to keep a thin layer of organic matter on the soil surface. It plays a role in protecting the tillering node and the plant growth meristems and it prevents rapid water loss through evaporation, especially during periods with high temperatures.

Aeration

The procedure is carried out in autumn, with the help of a fork or a special machine (for large areas). It consists in creating cylindrical holes in the compact layer of the soil (approx. 20-40 / sqm), to stimulate the penetration of oxygen and water into the soil. Subsequently, the holes can be filled with sand to improve soil drainage. The effects of aeration are observed over time, depending on the environmental conditions and lawn care.

Moss removal

Usually, moss appears on the lawn in places with high humidity, shade, or where the soil is compacted. Its removal can be done carefully, using a sharp tooth rake, which rakes the moss in both directions, so as not to affect the lawn. Chemical control can be done by applying granular fertilizers with high iron content, which limits the growth of moss, algae, etc. As a preventive measure, this type of fertilizer should be applied in early spring or late autumn.

!Caution! Both mechanical removal and chemical control do not have a long-term effect, so it is recommended to identify and eliminate the cause that led to moss formation.

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Top dressing

This lawn maintenance work should be performed in early spring or early autumn and consists in spreading sand (or well-shredded soil) on the field, either manually or using a special applicator. Topdressing has a role in improving clay soils, oxygenating the soil, and correcting small unevenness. Use 2-6 kg of sand per square meter.