How to get rid of Poultry Red Mites
Poultry mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) are a species of mites from the Dermanyssidae family, very small in size and difficult to see with the naked eye. They are parasitic organisms, hematophytes, which parasitize both wild and domestic birds. Sometimes they can sting mammals (including humans), causing mild irritation, but do not pose health risks.
They have 5 development stages (egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult), which in favorable conditions succeed each other every 7 days. The adult forms have an oval, flattened body, covered with fine hairs, and their color is determined by the moment of feeding. Before feeding they have a white-gray appearance, and after feeding their body acquires a dark red color. They are predominantly nocturnally active, but can also be observed during the day. Adults hide in cracks and crevices in bird shelters for breeding and egg-laying.
Poultry mites – signs of infestation
They cause damage at the beginning of the warm season (spring-summer), the affected birds being weakened and prone to other diseases. In the case of severe attacks, they can cause anemia, which leads to discoloration of the crest and chin, a decrease of egg production, or even the death of birds. Mites are also transmitters of many infectious diseases in birds, such as salmonellosis, erysipelas, avian spirochetosis.
Chicks and young birds are most prone to mite attacks. They attach to the chest and legs, where pustules, crusts, and hyperpigmentation of the skin occur.
Poultry mite attacks – prevention
- Maintaining shelter cleanliness;
- Constant observation of animals and nests;
- Washing the walls of shelters with hot water (over 55 degrees) before the application of treatments.
Poultry mites – types of treatments
Before carrying out treatments it is recommended, as possible, to clean the area and eliminate the waste resulting from birds, and to collect the eggs. In the case of the application of chemical insecticides, it is necessary to evacuate animals. To control poultry mites, insecticides can be applied by spraying on all surfaces of shelters: walls, nests, floors, etc. The treatments can be performed with any type of sprayer (manual, motorized), depending on the size of the treated space. Because mites can develop resistance to insecticides, it is recommended to alternate products with different substances.
Recommended insecticides for poultry mites:
They are biocidal substances used for treatments of mites, most of them acting on their nervous system, but they can also have physical action, by asphyxiation. Against mites concentrate contact insecticides are recommended, which are dissolved in water, according to the recommended doses. The solution is applied by spraying, with manual or motorized equipment, depending on the size of the treated space.
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Recommended sprayers for the application of insecticides:
Sprayers are low-pressure applicators, which are used for the application of pesticides with precise dosing. Their capacity varies depending on the type of device, its design, the application method (manual/motorized sprayers), and the size of the treated space. Special attention must be paid to the settings of the device, as well as to its maintenance.
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Protective equipment
Protection equipment has the role of protecting the person performing the disinfection treatments. To avoid inhalation of vapors created during spraying or direct contact with applied substances, it is recommended to wear complete protective equipment. This includes hooded protective coveralls, gas masks with filters, chemical protection gloves, rubber boots, or waterproof footwear, as necessary.
Recommended protective equipment:
Protection equipment has the role of protecting the person performing the treatments from dangerous substances. This category includes protective gloves, coveralls, masks, etc. The equipment is chosen depending on the type of treatment, as well as the substances used or the targeted insect pest.
- Hooded chemical protection suit
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- Protective gloves
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- Gas masks, glasses
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For the effective control of poultry mites, it is important to maintain cleanliness in farms and breeding shelters. Perform constant verification to have early notification of the presence of insects. Apply treatments in the shelters using specific insecticides, but especially, treatment of animals with veterinary drugs that are recommended by field specialists.