Daffodils, planting guide and care work
Published on: March 15, 2022 Modified on: 25 April 2024
Daffodils (Narcissus spp.) are perennial plants that are part of the Amaryllidaceae family, originating from Central and Western Europe. They have an ovoid, piriform bulb in the soil. The leaves are linear, cylindrical, with a sharp tip, green or blue-green. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, variously colored and can be straight, upwards-oriented or hanging. The fruit is a capsule.
Depending on the number of flowers formed at the top of the floral stem, daffodils are divided into 2 categories: single-flowered species (N. pseudonarcissus, N. incomparabilis, N. poeticus) and multi-flowered species (N. jonquilla, N tazzeta) .
Species and varieties
- Narcissus pseudonarcissus – it is the best known species. It forms a pear-shaped bulb in the soil, protected by parchment-like layers. The leaves are linear, green. The floral stem can reach a height of 30 cm and forms a tubular, trumpet-shaped flower on top. The flowers are fragrant and can have various colors: yellow, pink, white. Flowering takes place in March-April;
- Narcissus incomparabilis – it forms a tall floral stem, up to 40 cm. The leaves are linear and narrow. The flowers can be yellow, pink, white or cream and have a slightly hanging position. It blooms in March-April;
- Narcissus poeticus – it has linear, narrow leaves, and the floral stem is cylindrical, tall and has a slightly hanging flower at the top. It blooms in March-April;
- Narcissus jonquilla – at the top of the floral stem it forms 2-4 small, yellow, strongly fragrant flowers. It blooms in March-April;
- Narcissus tazetta – the floral stem is tall, up to 40 cm long, and at its top there are 6-12 white, cream, yellow or orange flowers, single or double, strongly fragrant. It blooms in March-April.
Environmental conditions
Light. Daffodils grow and develop well in full sunlight, but also tolerate partial shade.
Temperature. The plants do not have high temperature requirements. They are resistant to low temperatures.
Soil. Daffodils prefer humus-rich soils, which ensure good drainage, with a pH between 6-7. It is recommended to avoid heavy, moist soils, which can cause bulb rot.
Care
Watering
Daffodils need regular watering during the vegetative growth and flowering period. After the flowers have disappeared and the leaves have dried, the plants no longer need water.
Fertilization
They react favorably to the application of granular or liquid fertilizers.
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Propagation
Daffodils are propagated by dividing the bulbs. This procedure can be performed once every 3-4 years, in summer, during the dormancy period.
The divided bulbs will be replanted in autumn, between September and October, at a depth of 10-15 cm.
Diseases and pests
Daffodils can be affected by basal rot, gray mold, or viruses. Among the pests, the plants can be attacked by red spider mites, nematodes, snails or slugs.
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Additionally
- All parts of the plant contain toxic alkaloids for humans and animals;
- As cut flowers, daffodils should be kept separately in a vase of water. The sap secreted by them can favor the withering of other plants.