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Black-eyed Susan, planting guide and care work
Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is a herbaceous plant, originally from Central and North America, which is part of the Rudbeckia genus, Asteraceae family, a genus that includes approximately 20-30 species of perennial, annual or biennial plants. It is appreciated for its daisy-like flowers, being found in gardens and parks, or as a potted plant. Black-eyed Susan is also cultivated as a plant for cut flowers or for floral arrangements.
It has a tall and straight stem, reaching a height of 30-120 cm, depending on the cultivar. The leaves are alternatively arranged, long, covered with hairs. The inflorescence consists of a terminal capitulum, with yellow ligulate radial flowers, and in the center there are tubular flowers, dark in color. It blooms profusely from mid-summer to late autumn.
Black-eyed Susan – varieties and cultivars
- Rudbeckia ‘Indian Summer’: it can reach a height of 120 cm and produces large, yellow flowers;
- Rudbeckia ‘Prairie Sun’: the flowers in the center are pale green, and those on the edge are orange;
- Rudbeckia ‘Cherry Brandy’: it stands out for its red-chocolate flowers;
- Rudbeckia ‘Cherokee Sunset’: with double and semi-double flowers in shades of yellow, orange and brown;
- Rudbeckia ‘Aries’: It has double flowers. The center of the ligulate flowers is mahogany.
Environmental conditions
Light. They grow and bloom in direct sunlight, but can also tolerate partial shade.
Temperature. Black-eyed Susan prefers higher temperatures. It tolerates both drought and humidity, but it is recommended that the plants be well ventilated, to prevent the appearance of powdery mildew.
Soil. It is not demanding in terms of soil/substrate. It prefers a moderately fertile, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic – neutral pH.
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Black-eyed Susan – care
Watering. It can be carried out regularly, but moderately, using a sufficient amount of water, avoiding excess. Immediately after planting, as well as during the flowering period, it is recommended that the soil be kept moist.
Fertilizing. Regular fertilizing is not necessary, but it reacts favorably to the application of products specially formulated for flowering plants.Â
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- In order to extend the flowering period and to preserve the freshness of the plants for a longer period, it is recommended to use a fertilizer specially formulated for cut flowers.
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Propagation. Black-eyed Susan is most commonly propagated by seeds. They can be sown directly in the garden, in spring (when the temperature is favorable and there is no danger of frost) or in protected areas. Sowing in protected areas can be done with approx. 10 weeks before the last expected frost. The seeds will not be sown at a great depth, because they need light to germinate. Before planting in the garden, the seedlings will be hardened off. Black-eyed Susan can also be propagated by dividing the bush, in early spring or autumn, after the end of the flowering period.
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Diseases and pests
It can be affected by diseases such as: powdery mildew, rot, bacteriosis, leaf spots. In order to prevent their occurrence, it is important to ensure good air circulation between the plants, and to water them at the base, to keep the foliage dry. Among the pests, Black-eyed Susan can be attacked by aphids, caterpillars, mites, snails or slugs.
Additionally
- The plants can last up to 6-10 days in vases, as cut flowers;
- The lack of flowers is often caused by insufficient light. At the same time, fertilizers with a high nitrogen content can favor the vegetative growth at the expense of flowering;
- In the case of plants grown in flowerpots, they must contain drainage holes. The lack of drainage holes causes root rot.
