Winter treatments with oils and copper-based products
In pomology and viticulture, performing treatments during the vegetative rest period is an essential condition for maintaining a good phytosanitary state of woody plants. These treatments are also known as “ winter sprays” and are carried out from the fall of the leaves until the buds start to grow.
The purpose of winter treatments
The purpose of winter treatments is to decrease the biological reserves of pathogens and pests in orchards and shrub plantations. So, pests that winter in the egg stage (lackey moth caterpillar, aphids, spider mites) on branches, in the cracks of the bark, or those that form colonies on the tree (European fruit lecanium, woolly aphid, etc.) can be successfully controlled. In the case of stone fruit tree species, diseases such as brown rot, shot hole, peach leaf curl, can be kept under control by applying these treatments. In the case of apple and pear trees, the Venturia species winters on the fallen leaves.
Before the treatments, crop hygiene works need to be applied. This involves removing affected branches, aged bark, moss, and lichens, which can harbor insects, larvae, and eggs during the trees’ dormant period.
The treatments must be applied on dry bark, not covered by ice, snow, or frost, on days with positive temperatures, preferably at least 5-6°C.
The solution should be sprayed finely and uniformly on the entire surface of the trunk and branches, starting from the inside of the crown to the outside and from the top of the crown to the base of the tree.
Winter spraying is carried out between November and February. These consist of applying a fungicide, followed by a horticultural oil. Thus, both in autumn (when at least 50% of the leaves have fallen) and in spring (before the buds swell), treatment with a copper-based fungicide is applied, followed by treatment with horticultural oil (10-14 days after the treatment with fungicide), thus totaling 4 treatments. Always apply the fungicide first, followed by the horticultural oil.
Fungicide treatment
The treatment is done with one of the copper-based fungicides.
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If there is a risk of powdery mildew (if the disease was present during the vegetative growth period), the treatment can be carried out with a sulfur-based fungicide.
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Horticultural oil treatment
This treatment is carried out 10-14 days after the fungicide treatment. Use mineral oil-based products specially designed for application during the dormant period.
According to the manufacturer’s specifications, Ovipron Top mineral oil can be applied in a mixture with Bordeaux mixture. Thus, a single treatment is performed that includes both copper-based fungicide and horticultural oil. A compatibility test is always performed before preparing the solution.
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