Onion neck rot (Botrytis allii) – identify and control
Onion neck rot, Botrytis allii is a common disease in onion crops and causes significant damage of 15-20%, both in the field and stored onions.
Symptoms. The attack can be observed on the leaves and bulbs, as white stain,1-3 mm long emerge, having circular and oval shapes. Next to them, the tissues sink. If the humidity is high, a grey and dense fluff can be seen on the sunken tissues, causing the plants to die. The mature plants can have rotten bases, which is followed by the rotting of the superior parts of the bulbs. Black, big sclerotia, 2-5 mm large, can be seen on the attacked areas.
Onion neck rot evolves in optimum conditions at temperatures of 22-23°C. It can destroy the leaves, bulbs, and inflorescences as well. The seeds can be infected in varying percentages. The fungus is transmitted from year to year through the sclerotia from the soil. Or, through the spores that have remained on the vegetal residues, or through the infected seeds. During vegetation, infections are caused by the spores carried out by the wind (leaf infections) or by the rain and irrigation water.
Prevention and control. Crop hygiene, a 3 years minimum crop rotation, balanced fertilization (no manure as this will provide the perfect environment for the disease growth), irrigation with rational rules (using a water excess draining system), and the use of healthy planting material which will reduce the damage caused by this fungus. When the first symptoms can be seen, treatments with specific fungicides are performed.
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